Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person. Regardless of religion, nationality, caste, gender or any other status.
National Human Rights in India
The protection of Human rights act 1993 established the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
In India Human rights are protected through Fundamental rights.
| Article 14 | Everyone is equal before the Law |
| Article 15 | Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, gender, race, caste, place etc. |
| Article 16 | Equality of opportunities in public employment. |
| Article 17 | Abolition of untouchability. |
| Article 18 | Abolition of titles. |
| Article 19 | Right to freedom (Speech, expression, residence, profession etc). |
| Article 20 | Protection in respect of conviction for offences. |
| Article 21 | Right to life and personal liberty 21A – Right to Education. |
| Article 22 | Protection of rights in certain matters of arrest and detention. |
| Article 23 | Prohibition of Human trafficking. |
| Article 24 | Prohibition of child labor. |
| Article 25 | Freedom of religion (Everyone can profess, practice and propagate any religion. |
| Article 26 | Freedom of manage religious affairs. |
| Article 27 | Freedom from taxation for promotion of religion. |
| Article 28 | Freedom from religious instruction in certain institutions. |
| Article 29 | Protection of interests of minorities. |
| Article 30 | Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institution. |
| Article 31 | Right to property (Now it is not a fundamental right) |
| Article 32 | Right to constitutional remedies (approach Supreme Court, when the fundamental rights are violated). |
Ancient Beginnings
Early Codes – Long ago, societies created rules to protect people.
Cyrus Cylinder – Cyrus the Great of Persia freed slaves, allowed freedom of religion, and promoted equality.
Modern Human Rights
Early Efforts in the 19th and early 20th centuries, countries began working together to fight slavery and improve working conditions.
World Wars – The horrors of the wars pushed nations to take human rights seriously.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) – This was the first global document listing rights and freedoms for all people.
Modern Theories
Interest Theory, Human rights exist to protect important human needs and interests.
Will Theory, Human rights are based on people’s freedom and ability to make choices.
Conclusion
Human rights keep changing and growing to meet new challenges. The goal remains the same to protect human dignity, equality, and freedom for all.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational and educational purposes only. Does not constitute legal advice or create an attorney-client relationship.
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